Mga Pahina

Huwebes, Enero 28, 2016

My Reflections:

A. Which concept on the topic did you find easy to understand? What make them interesting?

  • It is easy to understand the definition of constellations as well as knowing the zodiac signs, well it is not new for me and almost in my day to day life i had encountered them. It is interesting to know that there are many constellations and i had only few. well what is more fascinating that these constellations are made by God, wonderful' isn't it?
B.What are your personal discoveries or learning while studying this topic?
  • That knowledge about this topic were came from the early cultures. That constellations plays a vital role in the early civilization from religious purposes, making it into calendar and into navigation. We thought  that these stars are just mere object in the sky that twinkles but for others it has significant use.
C.Which area or concept you would expound more?
  • Even i knew the constellation but i cant locate it in the sky on my own. I can't connect the star to form pattern, sheme on me but i will work on it.
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Today's Menu

Space Adventures: Constellations
First part of adventure is all about constellations. But before we talked about the latter , let me show you a cute video well it is not technically about constellations but if you just watch it would definitely draw smile on your face. 

Constellations by Swift Olliver [Hand-Drawn Animation by Vic Someday]


What is Constellations?

  • A constellation is a group of stars that, when seen from Earth, form a pattern.

Source:http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/constellations.shtml


Thus, any given point in a celestial coordinate system can unambiguously be assigned to a constellation. It is usual in astronomy to give the constellation in which a given object is found along with its coordinates in order to convey a rough idea in which part of the sky it is located.



vSource: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation

Welcooome!

One of my wildest dream is to travel through space and unfold its underlying secrets but i guess it is close to impossible. To cater and satisfy my curious mind i will bring myself and all of you to outer space and together let us discover the the vast space. What are you waiting for fasten your belts and in 1..2..3.. we will be ..... visiting my blog.

Some Constellations

Some Constellations:


ANDROMEDA

Andromeda (the princess, the daughter of Cassiopeia) is a northern hemisphere constellation. Alpha Andromeda (called Sirrah, meaning "Horse's navel") is the same as Delta Pegasi (from the constellation Pegasus).


AQUARIUS

[Abbreviation: Aqr] Aquarius (the water bearer) is a constellation of the zodiac. This faint constellation is seen along the ecliptic. The sun passes through Aquarius from mid-February until mid-March. There are many interesting celestial objects in this large constellation, including globular clusters (M2 and M72),planetary nebulae (NGC 7009 and NGC 7293), the star group M73, a double star (zeta Aqr). Aquarius is the radiant for the meteor showers: March Aquarids, Delta Aquarids, Eta Aquarids, and Iota Aquarids. Alpha Aquarii (the brightest star in Aquarius) is called Sadalmelik (meaning the Lucky One of the King) and beta Aquarii (the second-brightest star in Aquarius) is named Sadalsuud (meaning the Luckiest of the Lucky); they are twin supergiants.


ARIES

[Abbreviation: Ari] Aries (the ram) is a constellation of the zodiac located along the ecliptic between Pisces and Taurus. This tiny, faint constellation is seen just north of the ecliptic. The brightest star in Aries (Alpha Ari) is Hamal, the second-brightest star (Beta Ari) is Sharatan, the third-brightest star (Gamma 2 Ari) is Mesarthim, and the fourth-brightest is Botein (Delta Ari)


BIG DIPPER

The Big Dipper is a group of 7 stars (it is an asterism and not a constellation) contained in the Northern Hemisphere constellation Ursa major (The Great Bear).


BOÖTES

Boötes (the herdsman) is a large constellation in the northern hemisphere. The brightest star in Boötes isArcturus, a red giant that is the fourth brightest star in the sky.


CANCER

[Abbreviation: Cnc] Cancer (the crab) is a very faint constellation of the zodiac that is shaped like a crab. Cancer is seen along the ecliptic and is located between Leo and Gemini. At the center of the crab's shell is a huge open cluster, the Beehive cluster, also known as Praesepe (M44). The open cluster M67 is nearby. The brightest star in Cancer is Acubens (meaning claw); the second-brightest is Al Tarf (meaning tip).


CANIS MAJOR

Canis major (The Great Dog) is a constellation near Orion. The brightest star in Canis Major (and the brightest star in the sky) is Sirius, also known as the dog star. Canis Major is one of the constellation Orion's hunting dogs (together with Canis Minor).


CANIS VENATICI

Canes Venatici (The Two Hunting Dogs or greyhounds [of the herdman Boötes]) is a small Northern Hemisphere constellation near Ursa Major and Boötes. The brightest star in Canis Venatici is Cor Caroli (alpha CVn), a blue-white star (magnitude 2.9) with a companion star (magnitude 5). The Whirlpool Nebula (M51), the Sab galaxy (M94) and the globular cluster M3 (magnitude 6) can be found in Canis Venatici. The Canes Venaticids meteor shower occurs from January 13 - January 30. Canes Venatici was named by the Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius in 1690.


CAPRICORNUS

[Abbreviation: Cap] Capricornus (the goat) is a constellation of the zodiac. Capricorn is seen along the ecliptic between Sagittarius and Aquarius. The brightest stars in Capricornus are Prima Giedi (Alpha 1 Cap) and Secunda Giedi (Alpha 2 Cap). The globular cluster M30 is in Capricorn.


CASSIOPEIA

Cassiopeia is an easily-seen constellation that is in the far northern sky. It circles the pole star (Polaris) throughout the year and also straddles the Milky Way. The five major stars of Cassiopeia (also known as "The Lady of the Chair") are shaped like a "W" (or an "M," depending on your orientation). All of the stars in Cassiopeia are all less than second magnitude brightness. The brightest star in Cassiopeia is Schedar (alpha CAS), which is a multiple star that is pale rose in color and varies in magnitude from 2.2 to 2.8 magnitudes. The second-brightest, called Caph (beta CAS), is a white star of magnitude 2.4. Cassiopeia contains two open clusters, M52 (magnitude 7.3) and M103 (magnitude 7.4). The strongest radio source, Cassiopeia A, emanates from Cassiopeia; it is the remnant of a supernova which ocurred about A.D. 1660, and is 10,000 light years from us. The constellation Cassiopeia was named for Cassiopeia, the mother of Andromeda (and the wife of Cephus) in Greek mythology.


CEPHEUS

Cepheus is a house-shaped constellation in the Northern Hemisphere. It is a circumpolar constellation; it never dips under the horizon in the Northern hemisphere. Errai (Gamma Cephei) is a third-magnitude orange subgiant star that will become the Earth's north polar star in 2,000 years. Cepheus is next to the constellations Andromeda and Perseus. Cepheus was named after King Cepheus in Greek mythology, and is abbreviated Cep.


CETUS

Cetus is a constellation that straddles the celestial equator. Cetus means whale, and is abbreviated Cet. The first-known variable star Mira, is Omicron Ceti.


COLUMBA

Columba (the dove, abbreviated Col) is a small constellation in the Southern Hemisphere. This constellation pictures a dove holding an olive branch in its mouth. Columba is a member of the "Heavenly Waters," a family of constellations. Columba was named by the astronomer Bayer, but was populatized by the Frenchastronomer Augustin Royer in 1679 (before that, Colmba's stars have been included in the constellation Canis Major). Alpha Col (the brightest star in Columba) is called Phaet; beta Col (the second-brightest star in Columba) is called Wezn. The globular cluster NGC 1851 and the blue magnitude 5 star (mu Col, a "runaway star") are in Columba.


CRUX

Crux (or Crux Australis) is the scientific name of the Southern Cross constellation. This well-known, cross-shaped Southern Hemisphere constellation is on the Australian flag. The brightest star in Crux is Acrux (alpha Cru), a double-star system at the base of the cross. The second-brightest star is Becrux or Mimosa (Beta Cru); the third-brightest is Gacrux (Gamma Cru). The Jewel Box (also known as Kappa Crucis) is an open cluster of about 100 stars in the Southern Cross. Crux lies on the Milky Way and is surrounded by the constellation Centaurus on three sides.


CYGNUS

Cygnus (the swan) is a constellation that is shaped like a large cross. It is also known as the Northern Cross. It is seen along the Milky Way in the northern hemisphere. At its tail is the very bright starDeneb (alpha Cygni), and at its head is the double star Albireo (beta Cygni).


DRACO

Draco (from the dragon in Greek mythology) is a constellation in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the radiant of the Quadrantids and Draconids (meteor showers). Draco is near the northern celestial pole; the tail of Draco is between the Big Dipper and the Little Dipper. The brightest star in the Draco is Thuban; it is located in the dragon's tail. (Thuban means "dragon or serpent" in Arabic. Thuban was the Earth's pole star about 5,000 years ago.) The second-brightest star in the Draco is Rastaban (which means "head of the dragon or serpent").


ERIDANUS

[Abbreviation: Eri] Eridanus (the River) is a southern constellation that is may have been named for the river Nile, the river Euphrates, or for the river of tears wept by the mythical Heliades. Eridanus is located near the constellations Fornax and Lepus. The brightest star in Eridanus, alpha Eri, is Achernar (meaning "end of the river"); it is the 9th brightest star in the sky (magnitude 0.46). The second-brightest, beta Eri, is Cursa (meaning "chair/footstool of Orion" ). The third-brightest, gamma Eri, is Zaurak (meaning "boat" ). The fourth-brightest, delta Eri, is Rana (meaning "frog" ). The fifth-brightest, zeta Eri, is Zibal (part of the "Ostrich's Nest"). Eridanus was one of the original 48 constellations first noted by Ptolemy


GEMINI

[Abbreviation: Gem] Gemini (also known as "The Twins") is one of the constellations of the zodiac, located along the ecliptic between Taurus and Cancer. The brightest stars in Gemini are Castor (a sextuple star - three double stars) and Pollux (a 1st magnitude yellow star). The open cluster M35 is located in Gemini. The Geminidmeteor shower seems to radiate from Gemini.


HERCULES

Hercules is a Northern Hemisphere constellation that is the fifth largest in the sky. It is named for Hercules, the legendary hero of Greek mythology. The brightest of its rather dim stars is Ras Algethi (alpha Her), a variable red supergiant. The four stars of the central trapezoid within Hercules, epsilon Her, zeta Her, eta Her and pi Her, form the asterism called Keystone. The globular star cluster M13 is located on the western part of the Keystone. The Tau Herculid meteor shower seems to radiate from Hercules.


LEO

[Abbreviation: Leo] Leo (the lion) is a constellation of the zodiac that is shaped like a lion. Leo is seen along the Milky Way in the Northern Hemisphere along the ecliptic between Virgo and Cancer. The brightest star (Alpha Leo) in Leo is Regulus (meaning "little king"). The second-brightest star (Beta Leo) is Denebola (meaning "tail of the lion"), and the third-brightest star (Gamma 1 Leo) is Algieba (meaning "forehead"). The spiral galaxies M65, M66, M95, M96, and the elliptical galaxy M105 are nearby.


LIBRA

[Abbreviation: Lib] Libra (the balance) is a constellation of the zodiac. Libra is seen along the ecliptic between Virgo and Scorpius. The brightest star (Alpha 2 Lib) in Libra is Zuben Elgenubi, the second-brightest star (Beta Lib) is Zuben Elschemali, the third-brightest star (Gamma Lib) is Zuben Elakrab, and the fourth-brightest star (Delta Lib) is Zuben Elakribi.


LUPUS

Lupus (the wolf) is a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere. It is located between Centaurus to the west, Scorpius to the northeast. The open star cluster NGC 5822 is in Lupus.


LYRA

Lyra (the lyre) is a small, bright constellation in the Northern Hemisphere. The brightest star in Lyra is Vega (meaning "falling eagle") which has a white color and is the fifth brightest star in the sky.


ORION

Orion, also known as "The Hunter," is a constellation. The brightest stars in Orion are RigelBetelgeuse, and Bellatrix. The Horsehead Nebula and the nebulae M42 and M43 (called the Orion nebula) are also in this constellation.


PEGASUS

Pegasus (the flying horse) is a large northern hemisphere constellation. Delta Pegasi is shared with the constellation Andromeda. 51 Pegasi (51 Peg), off the Great Square of Pegasus, is a nearby, Sun-like star that has been found to have an orbiting planet.

PERSEUS

Perseus is a constellation in the Milky Way in the Northen Hemisphere. It is abbreviated Per. Perseus' major star is alpha Per, called Marfak or Algenib; it is an F5 supergiant. Beta Per is the eclipsing binary Algol. Perseus was a hero in Greek mythology who killed the monstrous Medusa. Each year in August, the Perseid meteor shower radiates from this constellation's northern part.


PISCES

[Abbreviation: Psc] Pisces (the fish) is a faint equatorial constellation of thezodiac. Pisces is seen along the ecliptic between Aries and Aquarius. The brightest star in Pisces (Alpha Psc) is Al Rischa (or Alrisha), the second-brightest-star (Beta Psc) is Fum al Samakah. The spiral galaxy M74 is in Pisces.


SAGITTARIUS

[Abbreviation: Sgr] Sagittarius is the ninth constellation of the zodiac. To the ancients, it represented a centaur (half-man, half-horse) archer who was aiming at the Scorpion (the next constellation) which bit Orion. Its central section (the archer's chest) also resembles a teapot. The center of the Milky Way Galaxy is in the direction of Sagittarius. Many meteor showers, including the Sagittariids, seem to radiate from Sagittarius. The brightest star in Sagittarius (Alpha Sgr) is Rukbat (which means "knee" in Arabic).


SCORPIUS

[Abbreviation: Sco] Scorpius (the scorpion) is a constellation of the zodiac. This constellation is seen along the ecliptic between Libra and Sagittarius. The brightest star in Scorpius is Antares, a red supergiant star that is about 500 light-years away from Earth and is about 230 times as big as the Sun. The second-brightest (Beta 1 Sco) is Graffias.


SOUTHERN CROSS

Crux is the scientific name of the Southern Cross constellation. This well-known, cross-shaped Southern Hemisphere constellation is on the Australian flag. The brightest star in Crux is Acrux, a double-star system at the base of the cross. This constellation lies on the Milky Way and is surrounded by the constellation Centaurus on three sides. It is abbreviated Cru.


TAURUS

[Abbreviation: Tau] Taurus (the bull) is a constellation of the zodiac. This constellation is seen along the ecliptic between Aries and Gemini. The brightest star (Alpha Tau) in Taurus is Aldebaran, which is one of the bull's eyes (Aldebaran is the 13th brightest star in the sky). The second-brightest star in Taurus (Beta Tau) is Alnath, the third brightest (Gamma Tau) is Hyadum I.


URSA MAJOR

Ursa major (The Great Bear) is a well-known constellation in the Northern Hemisphere that contains the 7 stars of the Big Dipper.


URSA MINOR

Ursa minor (The Little Bear) is a Northern Hemisphere constellation that is also known as the Little Dipper. This group of stars starts at Polaris, the pole star of the Northern Hemisphere


VIRGO

[Abbreviation: Vir] Virgo (the virgin) is a constellation of the zodiac. It is located along the ecliptic between Leo and Libra. Virgo is seen along the ecliptic. The brightest star in Virgo is Spica (meaning "ear of wheat"). Virgo is the second-largest constellation (of the 88 constellations), after Hydra.

The Constellation Family

There are many families of constellations, constellations that are either close to one another in our view of the sky or have some other relationship (for example, depicting figures from a particular ancient myth). Some constellation families include:
  • the Zodiac: 12 constellations are star groupings that lie along the ecliptic (the plane in which most of our Solar System lies). Usually, 12 constellations are listed in the Zodiac, but there is actually a thirteenth constellation that crosses the ecliptic, Ophiuchus (between Scorpio and Sagittarius). The signs of the Zodiac are Capricornus, Aquarius, Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpius, Sagittarius.
  • the Ursa Major Family: 10 constellations circling the northern celestial pole, including Ursa Major (containing the Big Dipper), Ursa Minor (containing Polaris, the northern pole star), Canes Venatici, Boötes, Coma Berenice, Corona Borealis, Camelopardalis, Lynx, Draco, and Leo Minor.
  • the Perseus Family: 9 constellations depicting figures from the myth of Perseus, including Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Andromeda, Perseus, Pegasus, Cetus, Auriga, Lacerta, Triangulum.
  • the Hercules Family: 19 constellations depicting figures from the myth of Heracles, including Hercules, Sagitta, Aquila, Lyra, Cygnus, Vulpecula, Hydra, Sextans, Crater, Corvus, Ophiuchus, Serpens, Scutum, Centaurus, Lupus, Corona Australis, Ara, Triangulum Australe, Crux.
  • the Orion Family: 5 constellations, including Orion (the hunter), Canis Major and Canis Minor (Orion's two gods), Monoceros (the unicorn), Lepus (the hare).
  • the Heavenly Waters (aka the Cosmic Waters): 9 constellations whose names are related to water, including Delphinus, Columba, Equuleus, Vela, Puppis, Eridanus, Piscis Austrinus, Carina, Pyxis,
  • the Bayer Group: 11 Southern Hemisphere constellations depicting animals, named by Johann Bayer in 1603. Includes Hydrus, Dorado, Volans, Apus, Pavo, Grus, Phoenix, Tucana, Indus, Chamaeleon, Musca.
  • the La Caille Family: 13 Southern Hemisphere constellations, named by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1756. Includes Norma, Fornax, Circinus, Telescopium, Microscopium, Sculptor, Caelum, Horologium, Antlia, Pictor, Reticulum, Octans, Mensa.

The 88 Constelations


The 12 Constellations of the Zodiac
The zodiac is a band of 12 constellations along the ecliptic.
Aquarius, the water bearer
Aries, the ram
Cancer, the crab
Capricorn, the goat
Gemini, the twins
Leo, the lion
Libra, the scales
Pisces, the fish
Sagittarius, the archer
Scorpius, the scorpion
Taurus, the bull
Virgo, the virgin

The Constellations of the Southern Hemisphere (some are seasonally visible in the Northern Hemisphere):
Apus, the bird of paradise
Ara, the altar
Carina, the ship's keel
Centauras, the centaur
Chamaeleon, the chameleon
Circinus, the compass
Crux, the southern cross
Dorado, the swordfish
Eridanus, the river
Grus, the crane
Hydrus, the water snake
Indus, the Indian
Lepus, the rabbit
Mensa, the table
Musca, the fly
Norma, the surveyor's level
Octans, the octant
Pavo, the peacock
Phoenix, the phoenix
Pictor, the easel
Reticulum, the net
Triangulum Australe, the southern triangle
Tucana, the toucan
Vela, the ship's sails
Volans, the flying fish
The Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere (some are seasonally visible in the Southern Hemisphere):
Andromeda, the princess
Antlia, the pump
Aquila, the eagle
Auriga, the chariot driver
Bootes, the herdsman
Caelum, the chisel
Camelopardalis, the giraffe
Canes Venatici, the hunting dogs
Canis Major, the big dog
Canis Minor, the little dog
Cassiopeia, the queen
Cepheus, the king
Cetus, the whale
Columba, the dove
Coma Berenices, Berenice's hair
Corona Australis, the southern crown
Corona Borealis, the northern crown
Corvus, the crow
Crater, the cup
Cygnus, the swan
Delphinus, the dolphin
Draco, the dragon
Equuleus, the little horse
Fornax, the furnace
Hercules, the hero
Horologium, the clock
Hydra, the water snake
Lacerta, the lizard
Leo Minor, the little lion
Lupus, the wolf
Lynx, the lynx
Lyra, the harp
Microscopium, the microscope
Monoceros, the unicorn
Ophiuchus, the sepent holder
Orion, the hunter
Pegasus, the flying horse
Perseus, the Medusa killer
Pisces Austrinus, the southern fish
Puppis, the ship's stern
Pyxis, the ship's compass
Sagitta, the arrow
Sculptor, the sculptor
Scutum, the shield
Serpens, the snake
Sextans, the sextant
Telescopium, the telescope
Triangulum, the triangle
Ursa Major, the big bear
Ursa Minor, the little bear
Vulpecula, the little fox

Importance Of Constellations

  • Constellations did serve as navigational markers/guides for early sea farers, and those on land as well.. And of course, they served as "illustrations" of various gods, deities, and other mythical characters of various ancient mythologies. 

While most vehicles today rely on GPS technology to navigate through virtually any terrain, constellations can help those who have lost communications with GPS satellites and other land based guiding systems/radio transmiters, to establish an approximation of where they are so they can attempt to get back on course if circumstances permit.. Of course, that's assuming they are familiar enough with the constellations to find them beneficial. -
Libby

  • Constellations are mainly of importance in identifying where objects are in the sky. Modern constellations are defined by their boundaries rather than the stars they contain. The only people who really use constellations today are amateur astronomers, who use them to find particular stars and deep sky objects within the constellation's boundaries. Professional astronomers generally prefer to use an object's equatorial coordinates (right ascension and declination). -GeoffG

  • Why back in the day (Ancient Greece) constellations were used as a story telling device. These days, they are more place holders to help located stuff. They are pretty much meaningless for anything else.       -Nyx
  • The 12 zodiacal constellations are used to symbolize the 12 months in a yearly cycle. another is, It may lead a person to their position & to use this information in many ways like telling direction.   -Pinky Ortaleza

Where do Constellations Came From?

OK, so we know the constellations are helpful for remembering the stars, but why would people want to do that (besides astronomers, that is)? After all, I said at the beginning that farmers  invented the constellations. Why did they do that? Was it for some religious purpose?Yes and no. Around the world, farmers know that for most crops, you plant in the spring and harvest in the fall. But in some regions, there is not much differentiation between the seasons. Since different constellations are visible at different times of the year, you can use them to tell what month it is. For example, Scorpius is only visible in the northern hemisphere's evening sky in the summer. Some historians suspect that many of the myths associated with the constellations were invented to help the farmers remember them. When they saw certain constellations, they would know it was time to begin the planting or the reaping.
This dependence on the sky became a strong part of many cultures. Perhaps there is something about the mystery of the night sky that makes people want to tell stories about the constellations. The picture at the left is an ornate star chart printed in 1835. Like the others, it shows the great hunter Orion. In this one, he is holding a lion's head instead of his traditional bow or shield. He has an eager look in his eye as he stalks Taurus, the Bull. Behind him, his faithful dog, Canis Major, is chasing Lepus, the Hare. Compare this picture to the photo near the top of the page. They are at about the same scale and they show the same stars.
The constellations have changed over time. In our modern world, many of the constellations have been redefined so now every star in the sky is in exactly one constellation. In 1929, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) adopted official constellation boundaries that defined the 88 official constellations that exist today. 

  • All societies created them. The classical -- "ancient" -- constellations that populate our sky began in the lands of the middle east thousands of years ago, their origins largely lost to time. They passed through the hands of the ancient Greeks, who overlaid them with their legends and codified them in story and verse. During Roman times they were assigned Latin names. 
The 48 ancient constellations single out only the bright patterns. From around 1600 to 1800, post-Copernican astronomers invented hosts of "modern" constellations from the faint stars that lie between the classical figures, from pieces of ancient constellations, and from the stars that occupy the part of the southern sky that could not be seen from classical lands. They also separated the ship Argo into three parts, yielding 50 ancient constellations. In the early twentieth century, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) adopted 38 of the modern constellations and drew rectangular borders around all 88. Many of these contain informal constellations, or "asterisms," that are often the first to be learned, Ursa Major holding the "Big Dipper" and so on. Other asterisms, like the Winter Triangle, cut across constellation boundaries. Some constellations look like what they are supposed to represent, but most do not. Constellations, both ancient and modern, are generally meant to honor and represent, not to portray. 

How is it formed?


  • Constellations are formed of bright stars which appear close to each other on the sky, but are really far apart in space. The shapes you see all depend on your point of view. Many societies saw patterns among the stars with gods and goddesses or stories from their culture.

Most of the constellations with which we are familiar come from ancient Greece. But other civilizations created their own patterns in the sky based on stories and people that were important to them.
Many peoples noticed that the planets, the moon, and cometsmoved through the sky in a different way than the stars.
Because of the rotation of the Earth and its orbit around the Sun, we divide the constellations into two groups. Some constellations never rise nor set, and they are calledcircumpolar. All the rest are divided into seasonalconstellations. Which constellations will be circumpolar and which seasonal depends on your latitude.

Source:http://www.windows2universe.org/the_universe/Constellations/constnavi.html